the Full
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Clean energy is a critical job creator in every state and district
Employing 1 in every 50 American workers, more Americans today work in clean energy than as lawyers, police officers, farmers, firefighters, kindergarten teachers, and mail carriers combined.
Clean energy creates more jobs across more occupations in more states than just about any sector of our economy. Done right, clean energy can create new opportunities for all Americans – in red and blue districts, rural and urban, coastal and heartland.
States Employing the Most Clean Energy Workers
California |
484,980 jobs |
Texas |
223,406 jobs |
New York |
153,208 jobs |
Florida |
149,624 jobs |
Illinois |
115,133 jobs |
Michigan |
113,456 jobs |
Massachusetts |
108,909 jobs |
Ohio |
103,437 jobs |
North Carolina |
99,670 jobs |
Virginia |
88,370 jobs |
Pennsylvania |
87,313 jobs |
Indiana |
80,614 jobs |
Maryland |
77,842 jobs |
Washington |
75,684 jobs |
Tennessee |
72,952 jobs |
*Total clean energy jobs includes employment in energy efficiency, renewable energy, clean fuels, clean vehicles, and storage and grid modernization
Total Clean Energy
Jobs Breakdown
Clean Energy Jobs by Residential Density
Suburban 1211306 jobs
Rural 1175937 jobs
Urban 661360 jobs
Suburban Districts: 39.7%
Rural and Mostly Rural Districts: 38.6%
Urban Districts: 661,360 clean energy jobs 21.7%
Clean Energy Jobs by Party Affiliation
Democratic 1655244 jobs
Republican 1368040 jobs
Vacant 25
Democratic-led Districts: 54.3%
Republican-led Districts: 44.9%
Vacant districts: 0.8%
Clean Energy Jobs by Sectors
Energy Efficiency 2107174
Renewable Energy 492891
Clean Vehicles 273630
Grid and Storage 137872
Fuels 37036
Energy Efficiency: 69.1%
Renewable Energy: 16.2%
Clean Vehicles: 9.0%
Storage & Gird: 4.5%
Fuels: 1.2%
Clean Energy Jobs by Value Chain
Construction 1440441 jobs
Manufacturing 499432 jobs
Professional Services 620988 jobs
Wholesale Trade 287235 jobs
Utilities 15674 jobs
Agriculture 2559 jobs
Other Services 182257 jobs
Construction: 47.3%
Manufacturing: 16.4%
Professional Services: 20.3%
Wholesale Trade: 9.4%
Utilities: 0.5%
Agriculture: 0.1%
Other Services: 6.0%
435
United States Congressional Districts with Clean Energy Jobs
431
Districts with at least 1,000 clean energy jobs
286
Districts with at least 5,000 clean energy jobs
79
Districts with at least 10,000 clean energy jobs
Credit: NREL/Dennis Schroeder
2.2% of all American jobs are in clean energy, or 1 out of every 50. Where are they most concentrated?
MOST TOTAL
CA-17 (Rep. Khanna-D)
33,109 Jobs
CA-12 (Rep. Pelosi-D)
32,414 Jobs
TX-02 (Rep. Crenshaw-R)
21,558 Jobs
UT-03 (Rep. Curtis-R)
21,258 Jobs
CA-45 (Rep. Porter-D)
19,813 Jobs
CO-01 (Rep. DeGette-D)
18,637 Jobs
AZ-06 (Rep. Schweikert-R)
17,989 Jobs
CA-02 (Rep. Huffman-D)
17,900 Jobs
IL-07 (Rep. Davis-D)
17,643 Jobs
CA-11 (Rep. DeSaulnier-D)
17,275 Jobs
>5% OF ALL DISTRICT JOBS
CA-02 (Rep. Huffman-D)
MD-01 (Rep. Harris-R)
CA-11 (Rep. DeSaulnier-D)
UT-03 (Rep. John Curtis-R)
CA-24 (Rep. Carbajal-D)
CA-01 (Rep. LaMalfa-R)
MA-03 (Rep. Trahan-D)
VT-AL (Rep. Welch-D)
FL-18 (Rep. Mast-R)
TX-02 (Rep. Crenshaw-R)
CA-49 (Rep. Levin-D)
MI-07 (Rep. Walberg-R)
VA-05 (Rep. Good-R)
MI-01 (Rep. Bergman-R)
>4% OF ALL DISTRICT JOBS
NC-09 (Rep. Bishop-R)
CA-17 (Rep. Khanna-D)
CA-03 (Rep. Garamendi-D)
MI-04 (Rep. Moolenaar-R)
MI-09 (Rep. Levin-D)
CA-08 (Rep. Obernolte-R)
GA-04 (Rep. Johnson-D)
CA-51 (Rep. Vargas-D)
CA-36 (Rep. Ruiz-D)
NY-01 (Rep. Zeldin-R)
WA-01 (Rep. Delbene-D)
NC-02 (Rep. Ross-D)
CA-21 (Rep. Valadao-R)
CA-12 (Rep. Pelosi-D)
MD-06 (Rep. Trone-D)
CA-04 (Rep. McClintock-R)
CA-45 (Rep. Porter-D)
NC-01 (Rep. Butterfield-D)
OH-05 (Rep. Latta-R)
>3% OF ALL DISTRICT JOBS
CA-16 (Rep. Costa-D)
MA-09 (Rep. Keating-D)
CO-02 (Rep. Neguse-D)
NV-02 (Rep. Amodei-R)
CA-13 (Rep. Lee-D)
CA-41 (Rep. Takano-D)
MD-02 (Rep. Ruppersberger-D)
MA-04 (Rep. Auchincloss-D)
MD-03 (Rep. Sarbanes-D)
AZ-06 (Rep. Schweikert-R)
VA-01 (Rep. Wittman-R)
IL-04 (Rep. Garcia-D)
NC-05 (Rep. Foxx-R)
OR-01 (Rep. Bonamici-D)
RI-01 (Rep. Cicilline-D)
NY-07 (Rep. Velázquez-D)
WA-08 (Rep. Schrier-D)
MA-01 (Rep. Neal-D)
TN-08 (Rep. Kustoff-R)
CA-09 (Rep. McNerney-D)
MA-06 (Rep. Moulton-D)
OR-02 (Rep. Bentz-R)
FL-20 (VACANT)
WI-01 (Rep. Steil-R)
MI-02 (Rep. Huizenga-R)
NY-19 (Rep. Delgado-D)
WA-06 (Rep. Kilmer-D)
TX-10 (Rep. McCaul-R)
IL-01 (Rep. Rush-D)
OH-06 (Rep. Johnson-R)
OR-04 (Rep. DeFazio-D)
IL-06 (Rep. Casten-D)
OH-07 (Rep. Gibbs-R)
CA-27 (Rep. Chu-D)
NV-01 (Rep. Titus-D)
VA-02 (Rep. Luria-D)
SC-01 (Rep. Mace-R)
IN-03 (Rep. Banks-R)
CO-01 (Rep. DeGette-D)
CA-25 (Rep. Garcia-R)
CA-39 (Rep. Kim-R)
OH-04 (Rep. Jordan-R)
FL-12 (Rep. Bilirakis-R)
IN-01 (Rep. Mrvan-D)
IN-08 (Rep. Bucshon-R)
WY-AL (Rep. Cheney-R)
VA-10 (Rep. Wexton-D)
WI-07 (Rep. Tiffany-R)
PA-15 (Rep. Thompson-R)
NC-03 (Rep. Murphy-R)
MI-10 (Rep. McClain-R)
IN-06 (Rep. Pence-R)
MA-05 (Rep. Clark-D)
MA-02 (Rep. McGovern-D)
CA-16 (Rep. Costa-D)
MA-09 (Rep. Keating-D)
CO-02 (Rep. Neguse-D)
NV-02 (Rep. Amodei-R)
CA-13 (Rep. Lee-D)
CA-41 (Rep. Takano-D)
MD-02 (Rep. Ruppersberger-D)
MA-04 (Rep. Auchincloss-D)
MD-03 (Rep. Sarbanes-D)
AZ-06 (Rep. Schweikert-R)
VA-01 (Rep. Wittman-R)
IL-04 (Rep. Garcia-D)
NC-05 (Rep. Foxx-R)
OR-01 (Rep. Bonamici-D)
RI-01 (Rep. Cicilline-D)
NY-07 (Rep. Velázquez-D)
WA-08 (Rep. Schrier-D)
MA-01 (Rep. Neal-D)
TN-08 (Rep. Kustoff-R)
CA-09 (Rep. McNerney-D)
MA-06 (Rep. Moulton-D)
OR-02 (Rep. Bentz-R)
FL-20 (VACANT)
WI-01 (Rep. Steil-R)
MI-02 (Rep. Huizenga-R)
NY-19 (Rep. Delgado-D)
WA-06 (Rep. Kilmer-D)
TX-10 (Rep. McCaul-R)
IL-01 (Rep. Rush-D)
OH-06 (Rep. Johnson-R)
OR-04 (Rep. DeFazio-D)
IL-06 (Rep. Casten-D)
OH-07 (Rep. Gibbs-R)
CA-27 (Rep. Chu-D)
NV-01 (Rep. Titus-D)
VA-02 (Rep. Luria-D)
SC-01 (Rep. Mace-R)
IN-03 (Rep. Banks-R)
CO-01 (Rep. DeGette-D)
CA-25 (Rep. Garcia-R)
CA-39 (Rep. Kim-R)
OH-04 (Rep. Jordan-R)
FL-12 (Rep. Bilirakis-R)
IN-01 (Rep. Mrvan-D)
IN-08 (Rep. Bucshon-R)
WY-AL (Rep. Cheney-R)
VA-10 (Rep. Wexton-D)
WI-07 (Rep. Tiffany-R)
PA-15 (Rep. Thompson-R)
NC-03 (Rep. Murphy-R)
MI-10 (Rep. McClain-R)
IN-06 (Rep. Pence-R)
MA-05 (Rep. Clark-D)
MA-02 (Rep. McGovern-D)
MOST TOTAL
CA-17 (Rep. Khanna-D)
-
33,109 Jobs
CA-12 (Rep. Pelosi-D)
-
32,414 Jobs
TX-02 (Rep. Crenshaw-R)
-
21,558 Jobs
UT-03 (Rep. Curtis-R)
-
21,258 Jobs
CA-45 (Rep. Porter-D)
-
19,813 Jobs
CO-01 (Rep. DeGette-D)
-
18,637 Jobs
AZ-06 (Rep. Schweikert-R)
-
17,989 Jobs
CA-02 (Rep. Huffman-D)
-
17,900 Jobs
IL-07 (Rep. Davis-D)
-
17,643 Jobs
CA-11 (Rep. DeSaulnier-D)
-
17,275 Jobs
>5% OF ALL DISTRICT JOBS
CA-02 (Rep. Huffman-D)
MD-01 (Rep. Harris-R)
CA-11 (Rep. DeSaulnier-D)
UT-03 (Rep. John Curtis-R)
CA-24 (Rep. Carbajal-D)
CA-01 (Rep. LaMalfa-R)
MA-03 (Rep. Trahan-D)
VT-AL (Rep. Welch-D)
FL-18 (Rep. Mast-R)
TX-02 (Rep. Crenshaw-R)
CA-49 (Rep. Levin-R)
MI-07 (Rep. Walberg-R)
VA-05 (Rep. Good-R)
MI-01 (Rep. Bergman-R)
>4% OF ALL DISTRICT JOBS
NC-09 (Rep. Bishop-R)
CA-17 (Rep. Khanna-D)
CA-03 (Rep. Garamendi-D)
MI-04 (Rep. Moolenaar-R)
MI-09 (Rep. Levin-D)
CA-08 (Rep. Obernolte-R)
GA-04 (Rep. Johnson-D)
CA-51 (Rep. Vargas-D)
CA-36 (Rep. Ruiz-D)
NY-01 (Rep. Zeldin-R)
WA-01 (Rep. Delbene-D)
NC-02 (Rep. Ross-D)
CA-21 (Rep. Valadao-R)
CA-12 (Rep. Pelosi-D)
MD-06 (Rep. Trone-D)
CA-04 (Rep. McClintock-R)
CA-45 (Rep. Porter-D)
NC-01 (Rep. Butterfield-D)
OH-05 (Rep. Latta-R)
>3% OF ALL DISTRICT JOBS
CA-16 (Rep. Costa-D)
MA-09 (Rep. Keating-D)
CO-02 (Rep. Neguse-D)
NV-02 (Rep. Amodei-R)
CA-13 (Rep. Lee-D)
CA-41 (Rep. Takano-D)
MD-02 (Rep. Ruppersberger-D)
MA-04 (Rep. Auchincloss-D)
MD-03 (Rep. Sarbanes-D)
AZ-06 (Rep. Schweikert-R)
VA-01 (Rep. Wittman-R)
IL-04 (Rep. Garcia-D)
NC-05 (Rep. Foxx-R)
OR-01 (Rep. Bonamici-D)
RI-01 (Rep. Cicilline-D)
NY-07 (Rep. Velázquez-D)
WA-08 (Rep. Schrier-D)
MA-01 (Rep. Neal-D)
TN-08 (Rep. Kustoff-R)
CA-09 (Rep. McNerney-D)
MA-06 (Rep. Moulton-D)
OR-02 (Rep. Bentz-R)
FL-20 (VACANT)
WI-01 (Rep. Steil-R)
MI-02 (Rep. Huizenga-R)
NY-19 (Rep. Delgado-D)
WA-06 (Rep. Kilmer-D)
TX-10 (Rep. McCaul-R)
IL-01 (Rep. Rush-D)
OH-06 (Rep. Johnson-R)
OR-04 (Rep. DeFazio-D)
IL-06 (Rep. Casten-D)
OH-07 (Rep. Gibbs-R)
CA-27 (Rep. Chu-D)
NV-01 (Rep. Titus-D)
VA-02 (Rep. Luria-D)
SC-01 (Rep. Mace-R)
IN-03 (Rep. Banks-R)
CO-01 (Rep. DeGette-D)
CA-25 (Rep. Garcia-R)
CA-39 (Rep. Kim-R)
OH-04 (Rep. Jordan-R)
FL-12 (Rep. Bilirakis-R)
IN-01 (Rep. Mrvan-D)
IN-08 (Rep. Bucshon-R)
WY-AL (Rep. Cheney-R)
VA-10 (Rep. Wexton-D)
WI-07 (Rep. Tiffany-R)
PA-15 (Rep. Thompson-R)
NC-03 (Rep. Murphy-R)
MI-10 (Rep. McClain-R)
IN-06 (Rep. Pence-R)
MA-05 (Rep. Clark-D)
MA-02 (Rep. McGovern-D)
CA-16 (Rep. Costa-D)
MA-09 (Rep. Keating-D)
CO-02 (Rep. Neguse-D)
NV-02 (Rep. Amodei-R)
CA-13 (Rep. Lee-D)
CA-41 (Rep. Takano-D)
MD-02 (Rep. Ruppersberger-D)
MA-04 (Rep. Auchincloss-D)
MD-03 (Rep. Sarbanes-D)
AZ-06 (Rep. Schweikert-R)
VA-01 (Rep. Wittman-R)
IL-04 (Rep. Garcia-D)
NC-05 (Rep. Foxx-R)
OR-01 (Rep. Bonamici-D)
RI-01 (Rep. Cicilline-D)
NY-07 (Rep. Velázquez-D)
WA-08 (Rep. Schrier-D)
MA-01 (Rep. Neal-D)
TN-08 (Rep. Kustoff-R)
CA-09 (Rep. McNerney-D)
MA-06 (Rep. Moulton-D)
OR-02 (Rep. Bentz-R)
FL-20 (VACANT)
WI-01 (Rep. Steil-R)
MI-02 (Rep. Huizenga-R)
NY-19 (Rep. Delgado-D)
WA-06 (Rep. Kilmer-D)
TX-10 (Rep. McCaul-R)
IL-01 (Rep. Rush-D)
OH-06 (Rep. Johnson-R)
OR-04 (Rep. DeFazio-D)
IL-06 (Rep. Casten-D)
OH-07 (Rep. Gibbs-R)
CA-27 (Rep. Chu-D)
NV-01 (Rep. Titus-D)
VA-02 (Rep. Luria-D)
SC-01 (Rep. Mace-R)
IN-03 (Rep. Banks-R)
CO-01 (Rep. DeGette-D)
CA-25 (Rep. Garcia-R)
CA-39 (Rep. Kim-R)
OH-04 (Rep. Jordan-R)
FL-12 (Rep. Bilirakis-R)
IN-01 (Rep. Mrvan-D)
IN-08 (Rep. Bucshon-R)
WY-AL (Rep. Cheney-R)
VA-10 (Rep. Wexton-D)
WI-07 (Rep. Tiffany-R)
PA-15 (Rep. Thompson-R)
NC-03 (Rep. Murphy-R)
MI-10 (Rep. McClain-R)
IN-06 (Rep. Pence-R)
MA-05 (Rep. Clark-D)
MA-02 (Rep. McGovern-D)
Go Deeper on Clean Energy Jobs
April 19, 2021
Clean energy jobs surged nearly 11% in the second half of 2020 to employ more than 3 million Americans across every state and county.
October 22, 2020
Clean energy jobs paid 25% more than the national median wage in 2019 and were more likely to include health care and retirement benefits.
September 9, 2021
Lack of diversity in clean energy technologies threatens to cause Women, Hispanic and Latino workers, and Black workers, in particular, to miss out on one of America’s great economic expansions.
August 11, 2021
Despite the industry’s overall decline from COVID-19, more Midwesterners worked in clean energy than worked as accountants, auditors, computer programmers, web developers, and real estate agents and brokers combined.
Credit: NREL/McKinstry
About this Report
The analysis expands on Clean Jobs America 2021 and is based on preliminary employment data collected and analyzed by BW Research Partnership for the 2021 U.S. Energy and Employment Report (USEER) released by the Department of Energy (DOE).
The USEER analyzes data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) to track employment across many energy production, transmission, and distribution subsectors. For more information on the methodology click here.
JOB DENSITY
Clean energy job density calculations for congressional districts used the U.S. Census Bureau 2019 County Business Patterns and the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) 2020 Q4 QCEW employment data, analyzed and extrapolated by BW Research.
RESIDENTIAL CLUSTERS
This report uses the CityLab Congressional Density Index (CDI) by David Montgomery to define congressional district residential clusters. Methodology for the CDI is available here. To condense the definitions into three categpories, this analysis combines:
- “Pure rural” and “Rural-suburban mix” clusters into “Rural/mostly rural”
- “Dense suburban” and “Sparse suburban” clusters into “Suburban”
- “Pure urban” and Urban-suburban mix” clusters into “Urban/mostly urban”
WHAT JOBS WE INCLUDE
This analysis defines clean energy employment as jobs in solar energy, wind energy, combined heat and power, bioenergy, non-woody biomass, low-impact hydro power, geothermal, clean vehicle technologies, clean energy storage, smart grid, micro grid, grid modernization, advanced biofuels, and energy efficiency including ENERGYSTAR and high efficiency appliances, efficient lighting, HVAC, renewable heating and cooling, and advanced building materials. Jobs in retail trade, repair services, water or waste management, and indirect employment or induced employment are not included.
NOTE ON GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF EMPLOYMENT NUMBERS
District level jobs figures use zip codes to assign jobs to a primary geography. Because zip codes and state district boundaries do not correspond exactly, many zip codes span multiple districts while the jobs linked to them can only be assigned to one. Research relied on multiple public datasets to assign jobs for consistent accuracy, but these numbers inherently have a larger margin of error than state and county findings.
